Which type of heart failure requires controlling hypertension and treating comorbidities as key management strategies?

The type of heart failure that requires controlling hypertension and treating comorbidities as key management strategies is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In HFpEF, the heart's ability to fill properly is impaired, often due to conditions such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Managing these comorbid conditions is crucial for improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients with HFpEF.

Hypertension management is particularly important, as uncontrolled high blood pressure can exacerbate the condition and lead to further complications. Lifestyle changes, medications to reduce blood pressure, and overall management of associated conditions are essential components of the care plan for individuals with this type of heart failure.

In contrast, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is generally more focused on optimizing heart function and may involve different pharmacological therapies. Stage A heart failure refers to patients at high risk of developing heart failure but who do not yet have any structural heart disease or symptoms, focusing more on prevention. Stage D heart failure indicates a more advanced stage of heart failure where patients are often symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy, highlighting a focus on managing symptoms and possibly end-of-life care rather than just controlling hypertension or comorbid