Which of the following is an example of a thiazide diuretic?

Hydrochlorothiazide is classified as a thiazide diuretic, which is utilized primarily in the management of hypertension and edema associated with heart failure. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the nephron in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water, which helps to reduce blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.

Understanding the mechanism and class of thiazide diuretics is crucial in nursing practice, especially for patients with heart failure, as managing fluid overload is a key component of treatment. Thiazide diuretics can improve symptoms and decrease the risk of hospitalization due to heart failure exacerbations.

The other medications listed serve different functions. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used for controlling heart rate and reducing blood pressure, while spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that has additional benefits in heart failure management due to its ability to block aldosterone. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, which is also used to manage fluid retention but works on different parts of the kidney's nephrons. Thus, recognizing hydrochlorothiazide as a thiazide diuretic is