Which is a common side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?

SGLT2 inhibitors, which are used in the management of diabetes and heart failure, are commonly associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This occurs due to the mechanism of action of these medications, which work by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidneys. As a result, glucose is excreted in the urine, elevating the glucose concentration in the urinary tract. This high glucose concentration creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth, thus increasing the likelihood of urinary tract infections.

Understanding the pharmacological actions of SGLT2 inhibitors helps in explaining why the incidence of UTIs is a notable side effect, emphasizing the importance of patient education regarding symptoms of UTIs and the need for monitoring during treatment. Being aware of this side effect is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers as it aids in prompt recognition and management of such complications in patients on SGLT2 inhibitors.