What thyroid-related issues can contribute to heart failure?

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can significantly contribute to the development and exacerbation of heart failure, making the choice highlighting both conditions the correct option.

Hypothyroidism slows down the metabolism and can lead to increased levels of cholesterol, hypertension, and fluid retention, which can ultimately strain the heart and lead to heart failure. It is associated with a higher risk of heart failure due to the increased workload it places on the cardiovascular system and the propensity for developing atherosclerosis.

On the other hand, hyperthyroidism increases the metabolic rate and often results in tachycardia (increased heart rate), increased cardiac output, and elevated blood pressure. Over time, the heart can become overworked, leading to heart failure. Hyperthyroidism also can result in arrhythmias, which further complicate heart function.

Both conditions illustrate how thyroid hormone imbalances can directly and indirectly affect heart function, underscoring the importance of managing thyroid health in patients at risk for heart failure.