What is the most common cause of diastolic heart failure?

Diastolic heart failure, also known as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is primarily characterized by the heart's inability to fill properly during the diastolic phase, despite having a normal ejection fraction. The most common cause of diastolic heart failure is hypertension. Chronic high blood pressure leads to left ventricular hypertrophy, which thickens the heart muscle and decreases its compliance. As a result, the heart struggles to relax and properly fill with blood, leading to symptoms of heart failure.

Hypertension affects the heart muscle over time, significantly increasing the risk of diastolic dysfunction. It also contributes to the rigidity of the ventricular walls, further impairing the filling process. Management and control of blood pressure are critical in preventing and treating diastolic heart failure, highlighting the importance of recognizing hypertension as the leading contributor to this condition.