What is nephrotic syndrome characterized by?

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized primarily by the presence of excess protein in the urine, known as proteinuria. This condition results from damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood. When these structures are compromised, they allow larger molecules like proteins to escape into the urine, leading to significant protein loss. This can result in low levels of protein in the blood, causing various complications such as edema (swelling) due to decreased oncotic pressure, and can also lead to other systemic issues if left untreated.

Understanding the nature of nephrotic syndrome is crucial for effective assessment and management, as the identification of excess protein in urine can guide clinical interventions and monitor disease progression.