What is included in angiotensin II receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI)?

The correct choice involves a combination of a neprilysin inhibitor and valsartan, which is characteristic of angiotensin II receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI). The specific medication that exemplifies this is sacubitril/valsartan, marketed under the brand name Entresto.

ARNIs function by combining the effects of neprilysin inhibition, which increases the levels of natriuretic peptides and promotes vasodilation and diuresis, with the actions of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker that prevents the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II. This dual mechanism improves heart failure outcomes by reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.

In contrast, the other options involve combinations or classes of medications that do not reflect the mechanism or structure of ARNI. For instance, a combination of lisinopril and carvedilol would represent a standard treatment regimen for heart failure but does not define an ARNI. Similarly, a single agent beta blocker and an ACE inhibitor also do not embody the unique properties of ARNI. Lastly, digoxin and hydralazine are additional heart failure treatments, yet they lack the specific dual-target mechanism found in ARNIs.

Therefore, the only option that accurately