What effect does obstructive sleep apnea have on blood pressure during the daytime?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. This condition can trigger a variety of physiological responses that ultimately influence blood pressure.

During episodes of sleep apnea, the body experiences drops in oxygen levels, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. This activation results in increased heart rate and vasoconstriction, leading to temporary spikes in blood pressure. When individuals with OSA wake from these apneic episodes, the sudden restoration of airflow is often accompanied by a rebound effect, wherein blood pressure can temporarily increase significantly.

Moreover, the repeated cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation during sleep contribute to a chronic increase in sympathetic nervous activity, which can lead to sustained elevations in blood pressure throughout the day. Consequently, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea may experience hypertension that persists even during waking hours.

Considering these mechanisms, it is evident that obstructive sleep apnea causes spikes in blood pressure, particularly during the day, as the cumulative effects of the condition take a toll on cardiovascular regulation.