What causes leg fatigue and heaviness in heart failure patients?

In heart failure patients, leg fatigue and heaviness are primarily attributed to low cardiac output. When the heart is unable to effectively pump blood, there is a reduced volume of blood flowing to the peripheral tissues, including the legs. This diminished blood flow leads to an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in fatigue and a feeling of heaviness in the legs.

The physiological response to low cardiac output includes fluid accumulation due to poor circulation, which can also contribute to feelings of heaviness. Additionally, muscles in the lower extremities may experience ischemia (insufficient blood supply), causing discomfort and fatigue during exertion. As a result, these symptoms are closely tied to the compromised functioning of the heart, highlighting the significance of low cardiac output in the presentation of these symptoms in heart failure patients.