What are potential adverse effects of NSAIDs/Cox-2 inhibitors?

The selection of renal failure and hypertension as potential adverse effects of NSAIDs and Cox-2 inhibitors is correct because these medications can significantly impact kidney function and blood pressure regulation.

NSAIDs, including non-selective ones and Cox-2 inhibitors, work by blocking the enzymes involved in the production of prostaglandins, which play a crucial role in mediating renal blood flow and maintaining glomerular filtration. When these drug classes inhibit prostaglandins, it can lead to decreased renal perfusion, ultimately causing acute kidney injury or exacerbation of chronic kidney disease. This reduction in renal function can also result in increased fluid retention, which may raise blood pressure and contribute to hypertension.

Additionally, overuse or prolonged use of NSAIDs can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular events as they might elevate blood pressure directly through fluid retention and indirectly through potential renal complications. Thus, renal failure and hypertension are logical and significant adverse effects associated with the use of NSAIDs and Cox-2 inhibitors, highlighting why this choice is the most comprehensive and accurate.