According to social learning theory, how do individuals learn social behaviors?

Individuals learn social behaviors primarily by observing and modeling the behaviors of others, which is the core principle of social learning theory. This theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes that much of human behavior is learned observationally through the social context. Rather than simply learning through direct reinforcement or punishment, individuals can acquire new behaviors by watching the actions of others and noting the subsequent consequences of those actions.

For example, a child may learn to say "please" and "thank you" not because they were directly taught these phrases through formal education but rather because they observe their parents using polite language in various situations. This modeling can occur in various settings, such as through media, peers, or family members, making it a powerful method of learning that can lead to the adoption of both positive and negative behaviors.

The other options highlight different aspects of learning but do not encompass the broader framework of social learning theory. While experiencing consequences, trial and error, and formal education play roles in learning, they do not capture the essence of how individuals unlearn and acquire behaviors through observation and imitation.